glossary, Slownictwo
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234
TEXTBOOK GLOSSARY AND
POLISH LEXICAL MINIMUM
This glossary contains the words appearing in the glossaries at lesson-ends of
First Year Polish
and, in addition, incorporates a "Polish Lexical Minimimum," a
list of most important Polish words, together with selected related words, for the
student planning to continue the study of Polish beyond the first year. All in all,
the glossary contains around 3000 entries.
PRINCIPLES OF CITATION
A tilda is used to represent the head-word in phrasal illustrations, as in
ch´tnie
av
gladly, willingly, readily.
~ go poznam.
I'd be glad to meet
him.
If the head-word is illustrated in a different gender or case-form, then the
right-hand part of the word will be taken back to a letter held in common, as
in
domowy
aj of dom.
praca ~wa
homework
.
VERBS
Verb conjugation is indicated by giving the 1st and 2nd person sg. forms of
the the present, along with any other irregular present or past forms, as in
˝yç
˝yç ˝yj´ impf
live, be alive
jeÊç
jem jesz jedzà
jad∏ jedli impf, pf
zjeÊç
eat
If a verb occurs only or mainly in the 3rd person, only the 3rd person
singular (neuter) will be given. See, for example,
zdawaç si´
zdaje si´ 3p only +D
seem
Aspect pairs are given in the order basic: derived, regardless of
alphabetical considerations. If this decision causes an alphabetization
problem, then the derived aspect form is listed separately, with a cross
reference. See, for example
rozumieç
-em -esz impf, pf
zrozumieç
understand
with the derived perfective
zrozumieç
also having its own listing, with
reference to
rozumieç
.
In the listing
podkreÊliç
-l´ -lisz pf, impf
podkreÊlaç
underscore, emphasize
the basic perfective form is given first, followed by the derived imperfective.
Here no separate listing for
podkreÊlaç
is needed, since no other words fall
between it and the head word
podkreÊliç.
235
NOUNS
Possible second forms of a noun, often abbreviated, are used to indicate
mobile vowels or vowel alternations in stems. The second form will be either
genitive singular (for masculine nouns or feminine nouns ending in a
consonant, or genitive plural (for feminine nouns in
-a
and neuter nouns).
See
b∏àd
b∏´du
mi
error, mistake
szk∏o
szkie∏ n
glass
krew
krwi f
blood
stó∏
sto∏u mi
table
pole
pól n
field
czwartek
-tku mi
Thursday
Nouns listed as
mi
'masculine inanimate' are assumed to have genitive
singular in
-u
unless noted otherwise. See
przeglàd
mi
review, survey
ser
mi -a
cheese
Nouns listed as
ma
'masculine animate' are assumed to have genitive-
accusative singular in
-a
. See
kot
ma
cat
Nouns described as
m fac an
'masculine, facultatively animate' ordinarily
take genitive-accusative singular in
-a
:
papieros
m fac an
cigarette.
Feminine personal nouns with a derivationally primary male variant are not
usually separately glossed; see
studentka
-tek
fem of student
listed beneath
student
mp
student
Plural-only nouns are indicated as such with the tag
pl form:
oboje
2
pl form, G oboi
wallpaper
ADJECTIVES
Adverbial and comparative forms of adjectives are listed under the
heading of the adjective, regardless of alphabetical considerations. For
example, under
szeroki
, one will find
the comparative adjective
szerszy
and
the comparative adverb
szerzej
.
szeroki
aj
wide, broad.
av
szeroko
.
comp aj
szerszy
.
comp av
szerzej
Regularly predictable adverbial forms are not given unless the adverb is
glossed separately. For example, the listing
˝ywy
aj
alive.
av
˝ywo
If an adjective has an existence and meaning mainly dependent on a
noun, only the noun to which it is related will be given, as in
ziemski
aj of ziemia
236
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY
1p, 2p, 3p 1st, 2nd, 3rd person
A
mi
masculine inanimate
accusative case
mp
masculine personal
abbrev
abbreviation
mppl
masc personal plural
aj
adjective
N
nominative case
av
adverb
n
neuter noun
coll
collective n or num
neg
negative
colloq
colloquial
num aj
numerical adjective
comp
comparative
num
numeral
cond
conditional mood
o.a.
one another
conj
conjunction
o.s.
oneself, one's self
D
dative case
pej
pejorative
decl
declined
pers
person, personal
dim
diminutive
pf
perfective aspect
e.o.
each other
phr
phrase
emph
emphatic
pl form
plural form
esp
especially
pl
plural
exclam
exclamation
pred
predicate, predicator
f
feminine noun
pref
prefix
fac an
facultatively animate n
prep
preposition
fem
female variant
pron aj
pronominal adjective
formal
formal style usage
pron
pronoun
freq
frequentative
quant
quantifier
G
genitive case
s.o.
someone
I
instrumental case
s.t.
something
impf
imperfective aspect
sg
singular
indecl
indeclinable
sub
subordinating
indef
indefinite
superl
superlative
infin
infinitive
title
personal title
inform
informal
trans
transitive
inter
interrogative
us
usually
interj
interjection
V
vocative case
intrans
intransitive
w.o.
without
L
locative case
ma
masculine animate
237
a
conj
and, but, while.
a ˝e
conj
and since, inasmuch as
absolutnie
av
absolutely
aby
cond conj (abym abyÊ aby abyÊmy abyÊcie)
that, so that, in order to
ach
excl
ah!, oh!
adres
mi
address;
pod ~sem
czegoÊ)
regarding, intended for; in care of
adresat
mp
addressee
adresowaç
-suj´ -sujesz impf,
zaadresowaç
pf
address (a letter)
adwokat
mp
adwokatka
f
lawyer
aha
exclam
aha!
akademia
f
academy, institute, school
akademicki
aj
academic;
rok ~
academic year
akademik
mp
1 academician, member of academy. 2
mi
dormitory
akcja
f
1 act, action, drive, campaign, operation.
~ ratownicza
rescue 2. plot
3. share of stock
akcyjny
aj of akcja 3
aktor
mp
actor
aktorka
fem
actress
aktorski
aj
aktorstwo
n
actor's craft
akurat
av
just, precisely, exactly, at the moment
akuratny
aj
accurate, precise
albo
conj
either.
albo... albo...
either... or...
ale
conj
but.
(with endings of byç: alem ale aleÊ aleÊmy aleÊcie).
~ jednak
nevertheless, still
ale˝
emph
but.
ale˝ oczywiÊcie
but of course
alkohol
mi
alcohol
ambasada
f
embassy
ambasador
mp Npl -owie
ambassador
Ameryka
f
America.
w Ameryce
analiza
f
analysis, breakdown
analizowaç
-zuj´ -zujesz impf, pf
zanalizowaç
or
przeanalizowaç
analyze,
scrutinize, explore possibilities
angielski
aj
English.
av
po angielsku
in English
ani
conj
either, neither.
~ s∏owa
not a word.
~ jeden
not a one.
~ troch´
not
even a little.
ani... ani...
neither... nor....
aparat
mi
camera, apparatus (also political), device;
~ s∏uchowy
hearing aid
aparatura
f
apparatus
apteka
f
pharmacy, druggist's
apteczka
-czek f
first-aid kit
aptekarka
f
druggist
aptekarz
mp
druggist
artyku∏
f
article
(literary and industrial)
,
pl
goods.
~∏y spo˝ywcze
food items
aspiryna
f
aspirin
atom
mi
atom
atomowy
aj
atomic, nuclear
238
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