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Debuggingwithgdb
ThegnuSource-LevelDebugger
NinthEdition,forgdbversion6.7.50.20080129
RichardStallman,RolandPesch,StanShebs,etal.
(Sendbugsandcommentsongdbtobug-gdb@gnu.org.)
Debuggingwithgdb
T
E
Xinfo2004-02-19.09
Copyright
c
1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1998,1999,2000,2001,
2002,2003,2004,2006FreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.
PublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation
51FranklinStreet,FifthFloor,Boston,MA02110-1301,USA
ISBN1-882114-77-9
Permissionisgrantedtocopy,distributeand/ormodifythisdocumentundertheterms
oftheGNUFreeDocumentationLicense,Version1.1oranylaterversionpublishedby
theFreeSoftwareFoundation;withtheInvariantSectionsbeing“FreeSoftware”and“Free
SoftwareNeedsFreeDocumentation”,withtheFront-CoverTextsbeing“AGNUManual,”
andwiththeBack-CoverTextsasin(a)below.
(a)TheFSF’sBack-CoverTextis:“YouarefreetocopyandmodifythisGNUMan-
ual.BuyingcopiesfromGNUPresssupportstheFSFindevelopingGNUandpromoting
softwarefreedom.”
ThiseditionoftheGDBmanualisdedicatedtothememoryofFredFish.Fredwasa
long-standingcontributortoGDBandtoFreesoftwareingeneral.Wewillmisshim.
i
TableofContents
Summaryofgdb..............................
1
FreeSoftware....................................................
1
FreeSoftwareNeedsFreeDocumentation..........................
1
Contributorstogdb..............................................
3
1ASamplegdbSession......................
7
2GettingInandOutofgdb................
11
2.1Invokinggdb..............................................
11
2.1.1ChoosingFiles.........................................
12
2.1.2ChoosingModes.......................................
13
2.1.3WhatgdbDoesDuringStartup........................
15
2.2Quittinggdb..............................................
16
2.3ShellCommands...........................................
16
2.4LoggingOutput............................................
16
3gdbCommands...........................
19
3.1CommandSyntax..........................................
19
3.2CommandCompletion......................................
19
3.3GettingHelp...............................................
21
4RunningProgramsUndergdb.............
25
4.1CompilingforDebugging...................................
25
4.2StartingyourProgram......................................
26
4.3YourProgram’sArguments.................................
27
4.4YourProgram’sEnvironment...............................
28
4.5YourProgram’sWorkingDirectory..........................
29
4.6YourProgram’sInputandOutput...........................
29
4.7DebugginganAlready-runningProcess......................
30
4.8KillingtheChildProcess...................................
31
4.9DebuggingProgramswithMultipleThreads..................
31
4.10DebuggingProgramswithMultipleProcesses................
34
4.11SettingaBookmarktoReturntoLater.....................
35
4.11.1ANon-obviousBenefitofUsingCheckpoints............
37
5StoppingandContinuing..................
39
5.1Breakpoints,Watchpoints,andCatchpoints..................
39
5.1.1SettingBreakpoints....................................
40
5.1.2SettingWatchpoints...................................
44
5.1.3SettingCatchpoints....................................
47
5.1.4DeletingBreakpoints...................................
48
ii Debuggingwithgdb
5.1.5DisablingBreakpoints..................................
49
5.1.6BreakConditions......................................
50
5.1.7BreakpointCommandLists.............................
51
5.1.8BreakpointMenus.....................................
52
5.1.9“Cannotinsertbreakpoints”............................
53
5.1.10“Breakpointaddressadjusted...”.......................
53
5.2ContinuingandStepping....................................
54
5.3Signals....................................................
57
5.4StoppingandStartingMulti-threadPrograms................
59
6ExaminingtheStack......................
61
6.1StackFrames..............................................
61
6.2Backtraces.................................................
62
6.3SelectingaFrame..........................................
64
6.4InformationAboutaFrame.................................
65
7ExaminingSourceFiles...................
67
7.1PrintingSourceLines.......................................
67
7.2SpecifyingaLocation.......................................
68
7.3EditingSourceFiles........................................
69
7.3.1ChoosingyourEditor..................................
69
7.4SearchingSourceFiles......................................
70
7.5SpecifyingSourceDirectories................................
70
7.6SourceandMachineCode...................................
72
8ExaminingData..........................
75
8.1Expressions................................................
75
8.2ProgramVariables..........................................
76
8.3ArtificialArrays............................................
77
8.4OutputFormats............................................
78
8.5ExaminingMemory........................................
79
8.6AutomaticDisplay.........................................
81
8.7PrintSettings..............................................
82
8.8ValueHistory..............................................
88
8.9ConvenienceVariables......................................
89
8.10Registers.................................................
90
8.11FloatingPointHardware...................................
92
8.12VectorUnit...............................................
92
8.13OperatingSystemAuxiliaryInformation....................
92
8.14MemoryRegionAttributes.................................
93
8.14.1Attributes............................................
94
8.14.1.1MemoryAccessMode............................
94
8.14.1.2MemoryAccessSize..............................
94
8.14.1.3DataCache......................................
94
8.14.2MemoryAccessChecking..............................
95
8.15CopyBetweenMemoryandaFile..........................
95
8.16HowtoProduceaCoreFilefromYourProgram.............
96
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